Constructive Student Feedback to NP Students

​As a preceptor, providing constructive feedback isn’t just about helping NP students improve— it’s about guiding their journey into becoming confident, skilled professionals. I’ve been there myself, guiding students through both their successes and their struggles, and I know how important the right kind of feedback can be.

You should be honest and constructive, not vague and unhelpful, nor, on the other side, harsh and demeaning.  I’m a big believer in “prepping for success.” Helping students know what you expect in advance can help prevent problems. Here are some things I’ve learned along the way to help make your feedback impactful and empowering.

1. Create a Safe Learning Environment

Before anything else, set the stage. When students know they’re in a supportive space, they’re more open to learning and improving. Early on, I like to tell my students, "This is a judgment-free zone—we’re here to learn together." Setting this tone helps reduce anxiety and encourages open communication. I recall one student who was hesitant to speak up during her rotation.

After a one-on-one conversation where I reassured her that mistakes were part of learning, she became more confident, eventually leading patient discussions with poise. Establishing this trust upfront is key to unlocking their potential. Let them know in advance what your expectations are, too. Making sure they know how to present a patient to you and other expectations will help prevent problems or confusion. 

2. Be Timely and Specific

Feedback works best when it’s fairly immediate and targeted but do it privately, not in front of patients or staff. Address specific moments soon after they occur so the student can easily connect the feedback to their actions. For example, "During the patient consult earlier, you did a great job explaining the treatment plan. Next time, let’s focus on confirming patient understanding by asking follow-up questions." Timely feedback ensures that the learning is fresh and actionable.

3. Balance Positive and Constructive Comments

It’s easy to focus on what needs improvement, but don’t forget to celebrate what they’re doing well. For instance, "You were very empathetic during the patient interview. Let’s work on structuring your questions so you can gather information more efficiently." Highlighting strengths alongside areas of growth builds their confidence while keeping them motivated.

4. Use the "Feedback Sandwich" Approach

This approach has been a go-to because it’s simple and effective. Start with something positive, address an area for improvement, and finish with encouragement. For example:

• Positive: "You handled that patient’s concerns with great compassion."
• Constructive: "Next time, try to review their chart more thoroughly before the visit."
• Encouragement: "You’re making great strides, and I can see your confidence growing."
  This approach is a bit more balanced, and it helps students feel supported and motivated to improve without feeling overwhelmed.

5. Encourage Self-Reflection

One thing I like to do is ask the student, "How do you think that went?" This helps them develop self-awareness and critical thinking. Their reflections often open the door for deeper discussions and collaborative problem-solving. Encouraging self-reflection empowers students to take ownership of their learning.

6. Be Objective and Avoid Personal Criticism

Feedback should focus on specific actions, not personal traits. For example, instead of saying, "You’re not paying enough attention to detail," try, "I noticed a couple of important things were missed during the physical exam. Let’s review some strategies to ensure nothing gets overlooked." This keeps feedback productive and actionable. Once, a student felt disheartened after receiving feedback that felt too personal. I learned to be more mindful of phrasing, and now I always focus on behaviors rather than character, making feedback easier to digest and apply.

7. Provide Opportunities to Improve

Feedback should always include actionable steps. For instance, if a student struggles with time management during visits, suggest creating a checklist to prioritize key parts of the exam. Offering practical solutions shows your commitment to their growth and success. I recall a student who consistently struggled to stay on track during patient interactions. Together, we created a structured template for her to follow, and within weeks, her confidence and efficiency improved dramatically.

8. Follow Up on Progress

Revisit previous feedback to show students their growth. A quick check-in like, "I noticed how clearly you explained the medication instructions today—that was a huge improvement," acknowledges their effort and motivates continued progress. Following up not only reinforces positive behaviors but also builds trust.

9. Be Approachable and Encourage Questions

Remind your students that questions are always welcome. Statements like, "If you’re ever unsure, don’t hesitate to ask," can alleviate anxiety and promote a collaborative learning environment. I’ve had students who were hesitant to ask questions because they feared looking unprepared. By actively inviting their inquiries, I was able to guide them more effectively and build their confidence to seek help when needed.

Final Thoughts

Providing constructive feedback is a vital part of being a preceptor. It’s not just about pointing out what can be better; it’s about helping NP students become the best versions of themselves and preparing them for clinical practice after graduation. By creating a supportive space, being specific and timely, and following up on their progress, you’re not just teaching—you’re shaping the future of healthcare.

If you’re a preceptor now, thank you! If you’ve ever thought about precepting, I encourage you to give it a try. Your mentorship could be the key to a student’s success. Reach out to us. I’m always glad to help mentor the next generation of preceptors, too! 

About the Author

Lynn McComas is the CEO and founder of PreceptorLink and a recognized expert in precepting nurse practitioners and advanced practice provider students. With over two decades in primary care, Lynn has served as a coach, advisor, mentor, and preceptor for countless healthcare professionals, including NPs, nurses, and medical assistants. She co-founded a successful skills and procedures business and speaks nationwide on NP-related issues.

Lynn is also a regular contributor on LinkedIn, KevinMD, Facebook, YouTube, Instagram @preceptorlink, X @LynnMcComas, and her blog, where she addresses the growing NP and PA professions and the urgent need for preceptor sites. Her unique perspective, shaped by her business, clinical, and educational experiences, positions her as a key voice in tackling preceptor shortages. Lynn is committed to driving change—through a paradigm shift in NP education, reducing barriers, offering preceptor incentives, and advocating for reforms within the profession.